Parents have always understood something that has become increasingly clear to policymakers: the quality of the teacher has the biggest impact of any school-based factor on a child's learning. What is less understood is what conditions impact a teacher's effectiveness. What qualities in a teacher's background and preparation translate into student achievement gains? And once a teacher is teaching, what helps them to teach better?
To parse some of these questions, the Economic Policy Institute recently asked the Center for Teaching Quality to investigate what's known about the impact of various conditions on teaching quality. The resulting policy brief, Teaching Effectiveness and The Conditions That Matter Most in High-Needs Schools, is authored by Barnett Berry, CTQ President; Alesha Daughtrey, Research and Policy Associate, and Alan Wieder, Senior Research Consultant.
The trio re-examines the established research and uses case studies from their investigations into teacher working conditions to home in on significant, but lesser known, findings. For example, while the traditional wisdom is that a teacher's academic ability does contribute to student achievement, the impact is small when compared to factors like preparation. And the impact of preparation doesn't come down to alternative vs. traditional pathways, but the quality of individual factors within any program of preparation. Opportunities to engage in the actual practice of teaching and congruence between the student teaching experience and actual first-year teaching assignment are elements of preparation programs that yield high student achievement gains. For teachers who teach in high-needs schools, specific preparation for those schools contributes significantly toward their success.
Once a teacher is placed in a school, further conditions shape their potential to teach successfully. One key finding in the policy brief is that research that measures the impact of a teacher's experience singly cannot encompass the effect of teacher experience collectively. When experiences and strengths are used strategically in a team of teachers, support is given and expertise spread. Research must drill further into clarifying the effect of the composition of teachers' skills and experience within a team or school.
CTQ's newest TeacherSolutions team, focused on teacher working conditions (TWC), is hard at work investigating the latest research and finding ways to use working conditions data to improve policy decisions. Their conclusions will deepen our understanding of what it takes to give all students access to high quality, efficacious teaching - when the condition of their school is not an obstacle.